腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术的技术改良与再认识

230022合肥,安徽医科大学第一附属医院泌尿外科

前列腺肿瘤;腹腔镜;机器人;手术

Technical analysis and reconsideration of laparoscopic radical prostectomy
Zhou Jun, Liang Chaozhao, Shi Haoqiang, Tai Sheng, Wang Jianzhong, Hao Zongyao, Zhang Yifei, Fan Song, Yang Cheng, Xu Lingfan.

Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China

Radical prostectomy; Laparoscopy; Robot; Surgery

DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-3253.2016.02.003

备注

目的 总结多种腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术的手术经验并探讨其技术改进。方法 回顾性分析 2009年 1月至 2015年 11月安徽医科大学第一附属医院泌尿外科收住的 161例前列腺癌患者的临床资料,患者术前 PSA1.92~100 ng/ml,<10 ng/ml 66例, 10~20 ng/ml 57例, >20 ng/ml 38例,所有患者术前均确诊为前列腺癌,154例行前列腺穿刺病理确诊,7例为前列腺电切术后病理证实, Gleason评分 <7分 65例,7分 64例,>7分 32例。术前临床分期 T1~T3 b。结果 所有患者均行前列腺癌根治术,并对手术方法做了部分改进,其中传统腹腔镜手术 50例, 3D腹腔镜手术 36例, da Vinci机器人辅助腹腔镜手术 75例,仅 1例传统腹腔镜手术改开放,手术时间 55~150 min,平均 105 min,术中出血 50~800 ml,平均 125 ml,5例术中输血 400 ml,术后病理均证实为前列腺癌,切缘阳性 7例,术后 6周复查 PSA,≤0.2 ng/ml 133例,>0.2 ng/ml 28例,辅以内分泌治疗。患者术后 10~16 d拔除尿管, 116例在 1周内可以控制排尿,44例在 3个月内控制排尿,1例随访 9个月有轻度压力性尿失禁。术中保留性神经 72例,术后恢复勃起功能 42例。结论 经过改进的腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术,可以增加安全性,减少并发症,有利于该项技术的推广。
Objective To summarize the experiences of the laparoscopic radical prostectomy and discuss the improvement of the surgical technique. Methods From Jan. 2009 to Nov. 2015, data of 161 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. The preoperative prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels of the patients were 1.92 ng/ml to 100 ng/ml. Among which, 66 cases indicated PSA levels less than 10ng/ml, 57 cases indicated PSA levels between 10 ng/ml to 20 ng/ml and the rest 57 cases indicated PSA levels higher than 20 ng/ml. All the patients were confirmed the diagnosis as the prostate cancer via prostate biopsy (154 cases) and TURP (7 cases). There were 65 patients with Gleason score<7, 64 patients with Gleason score=7 and 32 patients with Gleason score>7. The preoperative clinical stages of all patients were from T1 to T3b. Results All the patients underwent prostectomy. Among the patients, 50 patients underwent radical prostectomy by traditional laparoscopy, 36 patients underwent three-dimensional laparoscopy and 75 patients underwent da Vinci robot-assisted laparoscopy. The operation time was 55-150 min (mean time 105 min). The blood loss was 50-800 ml (mean volume 125 ml). 5 patients were transfused. Margins of 7 cases were positive. The PSA levels of the patients were reexamined 6 months later. PSA level of 133 cases were lower than 0.2 ng/ml, while 28 cases were higher than 0.2 ng/ml, who were treated with endocrine therapy. The catheter was removed 10-16 days after operation, 116 patients could urinate freely in 1 week and 44 patients could control the voiding in 3 months. Only 1 patient had stress incontinence after 9 months. 72 patients underwent nerve-sparing surgery and erectile function of 42 patients were recovered. Conclusion The improvements of the technique of laparoscopic radical prostectomy can improve the safety and reduce the complications, which favors the wide application of the laparoscopic radical prostectomy.
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