等离子柱状电极对经皮肾镜术中肾实质出血点止血效果的随机对照研究

330006南昌,江西省人民医院泌尿外科 1;330006南昌大学第一附属医院老年内科 2

肾造口术,经皮;出血;止血;随机对照研究

Clinical efficacy of cauterization of renal parenchyma bleeding points in percutaneous nephrolithotomy with pluse cylidrical electrode: a randomized controlled trial study
Jia Linhua1, Hu Meidi2, Xiong Xing1, Bao Yougen1, Wang Jingen1.

Department of Urology, Jiangxi Pronvincial People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China; 2Department of Gerontology, the Firity Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy; Bleeding; Hemostasis; Randomized controlled trial study

DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-3253.2016.06.006

备注

目的 通过前瞻性随机对照研究探讨经皮肾镜术中( PCNL)使用等离子柱状电极对经皮肾通道的肾实质出血点进行电凝止血的疗效。方法 2013年 7月至 2014年 12月江西省人民医院泌尿外科因上尿路结石行 PCNL的病例中, 60例观察到肾实质明确出血点,以此 60例患者为研究对象,将其随机分为 2组,实验组 (30例)术中用等离子柱状电极对出血点电凝止血,对照组( 30例)出血点不予电凝止血,其余处理两组均按通常做法留置肾造瘘管,使用相同止血药物。术后连续 72 h收集每 24 h全部尿液,拔除肾造瘘管后再收集 24 h全部尿液,用氰化高铁血红蛋白法测定 24 h尿液中血红蛋白浓度并根据尿量计算出 24 h尿液中的血红蛋白总量,以此作为术后出血量的指标。使用两个独立样本 t检验的统计学方法分析两组出血量的差异。结果 两组患者术中及术后均未出现大出血。术后第一个 24 h实验组平均丢失的血红蛋白量,明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义([ 4.6±0.8)g vs(7.8±1.8)g,P<0.01];术后第二个 24 h实验组平均丢失的血红蛋白量明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义([ 1.5±0.6)g vs(4.0±1.7)g,P<0.05];术后第三个 24 h实验组平均丢失的血红蛋白量略低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义[0.15(0.10)g vs 0.24(0.12)g,P>0.05];拔除肾造瘘管后 24小时实验组平均丢失的血红蛋白量明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义([ 1.2±0.6)g vs(3.4±1.2)g,P<0.05];观察窗口期内实验组平均丢失的血红蛋白总量明显低于对照组,差异有显著的统计学意义([ 7.5±1.9)g vs(15.4± 4.3)g,P<0.01]。对照组 2例患者拔除肾造瘘管后出现一过性肉眼血尿,经保守治疗后血尿消失。结论 对于 PCNL术中肾实质小出血点,术后均能自行止血,但是术中用等离子柱状电极对出血点进行电凝止血能明显减少术后出血量,尤其能明显减少术后第一天和拔除肾造瘘管后 24 h内的失血量。
Objective To perform a perspective randomized controlled study to assess the coagulating efficacy and safety of cauterization of access tract hemorrhagic spots in percutaneous nephrolithotomy with pluse cylindrical electrode. Methods No patient required transarterial embolization to control the hemorrhage. A total of 60 percutaneous nephrolithotomies, which were discovered hemorrhagic spots in the access tract, were performed at the department of Urology in Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital from July 2013 to December 2014. The patients were divided randomly into the experimental group and the controlled group. In the experimental group (n=30), cauterization of access tract hemorrhagic spots with pluse cylindrical electrode was performed. But in the controlled group (n=30), no procession was performed. The drainage fluid for 24 hours from the nephrostomy tube and the catheter was collected continually in three following days after the operation and another 24 hours after removing the nephrostomy tube. And the total amount of hemoglobin in the drainage fluid was evaluated with the method of Cyanide Methemoglobin. T test was used on two independent samples to analyze the differences of the amount of bleeding. Results The average loss of hemoglobin in the experimental group was lower than controlled group during the first 24 h of postoperation [(4.6 ±0.8) g vs (7.8 ±1.8) g, P<0.01]. The average loss of hemoglobin in the experimental group was lower in the controlled group from 24 h to 48h of postoperation [(1.5±0.6) g vs (4.0±1.7) g,P<0.05]. The average loss of hemoglobin in the experimental group was lower in the controlled group from 48 h to 72 h of postoperation [0.15(0.10) g vs 0.24(0.12) g, P>0.05]. The average loss of hemoglobin in the experimental group was lower the controlled group in the first 24 h after removing the nephrostomy tube [(1.2±0.6) g vs (3.4±1.2) g, P<0.05)]. The totally average loss of hemoglobin in the experimental group was significantly lower in the controlled group [(7.5±1.9) g vs (15.4±4.3) g, P<0.01]. In addition, two patients with hematuria after removing the nephrostomy tube in the control group. Conclusion s Cauterization of access tract hemorrhagic spots at the end of percutaneous nephrolithotomy with Pluse Cylindrical electrode decreases the loss of hemoglobin, especially in the first 48 h of postoperation and in the first 24h after removing the nephrostomy tube.
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